ENGLISH FORMULAS

Conditional sentence

Type I : PROBABLE CONDITION OR REAL TENSE (FUTURE CONDITION)

If CLAUSE - (Present Tense à S + V1 (s/es) + O) , MAIN CLAUSE – (Future Tense à S + shall/will + infinitive)

Example :

·         If I have time, I will go with you

·         If you ask him, He will help you

·         He will go with you, if he is not busy

·         They will play tennis, if the weather is fine

·         Jhon will be angry, unless you return his book

·         His father will bw disappointed, unless he successful in his exam

·         I will no drink tea, unless you put sugar in it

·         He will go with you, unless he is busy

Type II : IMPROBABLE CONDITION / UNREAL CONDITION (PRESENT CONDITION)

If CLAUSE – (Past Tense à S + V2+ O / S + was/were + O) , MAIN CLAUSE (Past Future à S + should/would/could/might/had to + V1 + O)

Example :

·         If Tuti studied hard, she would pass the exam

·         If it were a holiday, I would go to the beach

·         If he had time, he would do the work

·         He would go for a work, if the rain stopped

·         If I were you, I would study French

·         I would do nothing at all, he were a Millionaire

·         If I had much money, I would buy a big house

Type III : IMPOSIBLE CONDITION / UNREAL (PAST CONDITION)

If CLAUSE – (Past Perfect Tense à S + had + V3 + O) , MAIN CLAUSE (Past Future Perfect à S + would/could + have + V3 + O)

Example :

·         If he had come late, his father would have been angry

·         If I had met John yesterday, I would have told her about him

·         If he had started the work on time, he could have finished it by now

·         John would have been successful, if he had studied hard

·         I should have met you, if he had known of your arrival

·         If I had known, I would have told you

·         If you had invited him, he would have come

·         You would have passed the examinations easily, if you had tried hard

THE USE OF USED TO AND BE TO USED TO (I USED TO ..... AND I’M USED TO .....)

Jane is American but she has live in Britain for three years. When she first drove a car in Britain, she found it very difficult because she had to drive on the left instead of on the wright. Driving on the left was strange and difficult for her because :

She wasn’t used to it

She wasn’t used to driving on the left

But after a lot of practice, driving on the left became less strange. So :

She is used to driving on the left

Now, after three years, it’s no problem for Jane :

She is used to driving on the left

I’m used to something = it is not new or strange for me

·         Frank lives alone. He doesn’t mind it because he has live alone for 15 years. It is not strange for him. He used to it. He is used to living alone

·         I bought some new shoes. The felt a bit strange at the first because I wasn’t used to them

Look these example :

a.       Merry is used to cold weather

b.      Merry is accustumed in a cold climate

Note : No. 1 and No. 2 are the same meaning : Living in a cold climate is usual and normal to Marry. Cold weather, snow, and ice do not seem strange to her

Compare :

a.       Jimmy used to live in Chicago

b.      Mery is used to living in cold climate

She accustumed to living there

Note :

A = to express habitual in the past but no longer exist at the present. Form : used to + V1

B = to express usual and normal habit or something not strange to someone person

For examples :

1.      When I was a child, I was shy

So, I used to be shy. But now I’m not. I’m used to being shy

2.      When I was a child, I never had breakfast. But now I am used to having breakfast

So, I didn’t use to have my breakfast. But now I am used to having breakfast

3.      Five years ago I used to wake up at six o’clock. But now, I am used to waking up at four

4.      When I was a child I used to drink two to three glasses of milk. Now, I am not used to drinking milk

5.      When I was in Elemantary school, I was afraid to ask something my teacher. I used be afraid to ask something to my teacher. Now, I’m in the vocational school, I’m used to giving question to the teacher if I don’t understand

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE is a part of a sentence telling us what kind of person or things (which one/person) the speaker mean.

Adjective Clause modfew a noun. It describe or give information about a noun.

In Adjective Clause usually use Relative Clause : Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That.

I.          Who = We use who to subsitute a subject person

Examples :

è Part I

1.      The man is walking on the road.

He is my father.

= The man who is walking on the road is my father.

Adjective Clause

2.      The woman is my aunt.

She telephoned you last night.

= The woman who telephoned you last night is my aunt.

Adjective Clause

3.      The woman is a doctor.

She lives next door.

= The woman who lives next door is a doctor.

Adjective Clause

4.      The man is friendly.

He teaches me english every week.

= The man who teaches me english every week is friendly.

Adjective Clause

5.      A girl was injured in that accident.

She is now in a hospital.

= A girl who was injured in that accident is now in a hospital.

Adjective Clause

è Part II

1.      Do you know the employee?

He will be promoted our new devision management.

= Do you know the employee who will be promoted our new devision manager.

Adjective Clause

2.      We know a lot of people.

They live in London.

= We know a lot of people who lived in London.

     Adjective Clause

3.      The company is looking for an employee.

He graduated from financing deparment.

= The company is looking for an employee who graduated from financing departement.

                                                                                   Adjective Clause

4.      I talked to the people.

They were sitting next to me.

= I talk to the people who were sitting next to me.

                                         Adjective Clause

5.      I don’t know the man.

is He talking to Rita.

= I don’t know the man who is talking to Rita.

                                         Adjective Clause

II.       Whom = We use whom to subsitute an object person

Examples :

1.      I see the man.

You called him last night.

= I see the man whom you called last night.

Adjective Clause

2.      Siska wants to meet Andika.

You met him yesterday at the hospital.

= Siska wants to meet Andika whom you met yesterday at the hospital.

Adjective Clause

3.      The woman gave me some information.

I called her last night.

= The woman whom I called last night gave me some information.

Adjective Clause

4.      The man is angry.

The woman is talking to him.

= The man whom the woman is talking to is angry.

Adjective Clause

5.      The man is friendly.

I met him last night.

= The man whom I met last night is friendly.

Adjective Clause

6.      Prabu has two brothers.

All of them are married.

= Prabu has two brothers all of whom a married.

Adjective Clause

III.     Whose = We use whose to subsitute a Possesive Adjective (his, her, their, Siska’s, Lina’s, etc.)

Examples :

1.      The secretary is absent today.

Her task is handling the boss’ agenda.

= The secretary whose task is handling the boss’ agenda is absent today.

Adjective Clause

2.      She is looking for a boy.

You always borrow his motorcycle.

= She is looking for a boy whose motorcycle you always borrow.

                                                      Adjective Clause

3.      The man called the police.

His car was stolen.

= The man whose car was stolen called the police.

                    Adjective Clause

4.      I met a man.

Her sister knows you.

= I met the man whose sister knows you.

                              Adjective Clause

5.      We saw some people.

Their car had broken down.

= We saw some people whose car had broken down.

                                                      Adjective Clause

6.      I know the girl.

Her brother is a movie star.

= I know the girl whose brother is a movie star.

                              Adjective Clause

7.      The people are friendly.

We bought their house.

= The people whose house we bought we friendly.

                              Adjective Clause

8.      There is the man.

His car was stolen.

= There is the man whose car was stolen.

                              Adjective Clause

IV.     Which = We use which to subsitute thing (s) as a subject or object. Which can be substitute by that

Examples :

1.      The river is poluted.

It flows through town.

= The river which flows through town is poluted.

Adjective Clause

= The river that flows through town is poluted.

Adjective Clause

2.      The books were expensive.

I bought them.

= The books which/that I bought were expensive.

Adjective Clause

3.      The pill made me sleepy.

I took it.

= The pill which/that I took made me sleepy

       Adjective Clause

4.      The soup was too salty.

I had it for lunch.

= The soup which/that I had for lunch was too salty.

                       Adjective Clause

5.      I have a class

It begins at 8:00 A.M

= I have a class which/that begins at 8:00 A.M

                           Adjective Clause