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TASK 6 (AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE AGREEMENT, NEGATION, COMMANDS)
Tanggal : 25 April 2015
1.
Affirmative and Negative Agreement
When indicating that one person pr thing does something and
then adding that another does the same. Use the word so or too.
To avoid needless repetition of words from the affirmative statement, use the
conjunction and followed by a simple statement using so or too.
The order of this statement will depend on whether so or too is used.
Example :
I will bake a cake now. Tina will bake
a cake now.
· I will bake a cake now and tina will too
· I will bake a cake now and so will tina
Either and
Neither function in simple statements much like so and too in affirmative
sentences. However, either and neither are used to indicate negative agreement.
The same rules for auxiliaries, be and do, does, or did apply.
Exmple :
I didn’t talking to my mother this morning and my sister didn’t
either
2.
Negation
To make a
sentence negative, add the negative particle not after the auxiliary or verb
be. If there is no auxiliary or be, add the appropriate form of do, does, or
did and place in word not after that.
Example :
I likes a soda à I don’t like a soda
3.
Commands
A command is an
imperative statement. One person orders another to do something. It can be
preceded by please. The understood subject is you. Use the simple form of the
verb.
Example :
Please close the door!
Source :
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TASK 7 (MODAL AUXILIARIES)
Tanggal : 25 April 2015
Modal
Auxiliaries are auxiliary verbs such as will, may, can, could, should, would,
is used for, need to be used in conjunction with the main verb to express the
nuances of time and mood. Combination helping verbs with main verbs creates
what is called a verb or verb phrase string. The word kind of work is a verb
which helps verbs (verb) expressed several meanings such as liability,
possible, permission, ability.
Example :
I can do the cook
Source :
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TASK 8 (ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS)
Tanggal : 25 April 2015
1.
Adjectives
Adjective is a
word used to add meaning to the noun or a word that describes a noun.
Example :
I am quick writer
Adjective
2.
Advebs
Adverb is give
explanations on all other words except nouns. In general adverb from an
adjective can be formed by adding -ly behind adjectives. But this rule does not
apply to all adjectives.
Example :
I writes quickly
Adverbs
Source :
Joanna Adia. 2011. Langsung Bisa Menguasai GRAMMAR. Agobos.
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TASK 9 (CONNECTORS)
Tanggal : 25 April 2015
The mean of
coordinate connector is and, but, or, so. Many sentences in English that
consists of two clauses (clauses is a group of words which consist of at least
one and one Verb Subject (predicate). When there are two sentences in English,
we have to combine it with the right. One way to combine the two clauses is to
use and, but, or, so.
Example :
The sun was shining, but it was very hot
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TASK 10 (PASSIVE VOICE, CAUSATIVE HAVE)
Tanggal : 25 April 2015
1.
Passive Voice
Passive voice
sentences the subject is subject to the action of the verb, or phrase that
describes what happens to the subject of the sentence, while the active
sentence is a sentence that states the subject of the sentence does what.
Example :
My diamond was stolen
2.
Causative Have
Effective or operating
as a cause or agent <causative bacteria of cholera>. Expressing causation,
specifically : being a linguistic form that indicates that the subject
causes an act to be performed or a condition to come into being.
Example :
I cleaned my room
Source :
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TASK 11 (RELATIVE CLAUSE)
Tanggal : 25 April 2015
Relative clause
is part of the sentences (clause) which specifies the person or thing that
precedes it. The term relative clauses with adjective clause. Mentioned
adjective clause because he explains things or people that preceded them.
Mentioned relative clause because connect (me-Relate) the thing or person is
the phrase on the back. Relative clauses begin with the preposisition who,
whom, whose, which, that, with, the following functions :
Who : describe the person as a subject
Whom : present state of the object (replace me, you, us, him, her,
them, it)
Whose : describing people as owners (replacing my, your, our, his,
her, their, its)
Which : describing things as subject or object
That : explains a good person or thing as the subject or object
Example :
The man is walking on the road.
He is my father.
= The man who is walking on the road is my father.
Relative Clause
Source :
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TASK 12 (STYLE IN WRITEN ENGLISH)
Tanggal : 25 April 2015
Bellow are 8 Tips to improve your english writting skills :
1.
Keep
All of your Writing in One Place
Buy a notebook or journal or start an electronic journal. By
keeping your writing all in the same place, you will be able to see how much
you are improving and keep it organized.
2.
Practice
Writing in English Daily
The importance of writing daily is that you start to create a new
habit. Writing every day in English will soon become natural and something you
look forward to. You will not see a significant improvement if you are not
dedicated to becoming a better writer in English. You cannot create awesome
stories and papers if you never try.
3.
Pick
a Topic and WRITE!
Don’t get stuck on figuring out what
to write about. You can write about anything. You can write about what you do,
things you hear or see, news, or make up a story. If you do get stuck, use some
of English Tonight’s writing prompts to help you get started.
4.
Write
More than One Draft
Draft means a preliminary version of
piece of writing. Sometimes, your best writing becomes better after you take a
break and work on a second or third draft. When you revise (or rewrite) your
work you are often able to get your message across more clearly. You make think
of things that you did not think to write in the first draft and you can add it
in a later draft.
5.
Use
Online Resources to Correct your Grammar
Yes, grammar is a pain. You don’t
need to know everything about English grammar. Use online resources, such as
Grammarly, GrammarCheck or GrammarBook.com to help you answer a grammar
question when it comes up. You could also switch the spell and grammar check on
MS Word, your iPad or Google Doc to check your spelling and grammar in English.
6.
Think
Outside the Box (or Lines)
Don’t write about the same thing
every day or you will get bored. Try writing the same story from different
perspectives or different tenses. If you are writing a story about a baby that
won’t stop crying; first, it could be the mother telling the story; then from the
perspective of the baby. Or you could write it in present moment…. ‘My baby
hasn’t stopped crying in five days…’ and then write in the perspective of a
pregnant woman that is thinking about having a baby that won’t stop crying.
Don’t write about topics in the obvious way. Be creative!
7.
Have
a Friend Edit Your Writing
Have a friend that knows English
correct or edit your work. Having another person read your work helps generate
more ideas to better your writing. You could have them edit everything or just
a part that you are stuck on. Often having another set of eyes look at your
writing helps find mistakes that you have overlooked.
8.
Find
the Best Place for You to Write
You should try writing in different
places or at different times of the day. Maybe you have writer’s block at
night; try getting up 15 minutes earlier and writing in the morning. Maybe you
have trouble writing where there is a lot of noise; try writing in a quiet and
comfortable place. Experiment in finding the right (or write?) environment for
you to write.
Source :
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TASK 13 (STYLE IN WRITEN ENGLISH)
Tanggal : 25 April 2015
How to Improve Your Writing :
1.
Write,
write, write!
I think to improve your writing you
really need to write something in English more or less every day. In my
experience, it's best not to be too hard on yourself, but just write a few
lines about what you did or about your opinion of something. If you're studying
for an exam, you probably need to do more writing, perhaps writing the answer
to an exam question at least twice a week.
2.
Get
your writing checked.
If you attend an English class, ask
your teacher who will probably be happy to help. Otherwise you could try, which both offer free corrections.
3.
Learn
the correct version.
When you find a mistake in your
writing, it's a good idea to learn the correct version by heart. Otherwise it's
easy to keep making the same mistakes (I know!). I like to use flashcard
software like Anki to do this. You can also practise any grammar points that
you make mistakes with here.
4.
Keep
adding phrases to your vocabulary.
You also need to keep reading (more
about reading here) and studying vocabulary to gradually make your language
more sophisticated. I strongly recommend studying collocations as much as
possible rather than single words when you're learning vocabulary (more about
collocations here).
5.
Take
care when you're writing.
Finally, I often see writing that
could be improved by taking care about very basic things. Easy ways to make
your writing better include making sure that you've used capital letters and
full stops where you need them and checking your spelling. Also, it's not a
good idea to use abbreviations like 'u' instead of 'you' (except possibly in
very, very informal text messages if you are a teenager).
Source :
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TASK 14 (PROBLEM VOCABBULARY AND PREPOSITION)
The transition from spoken to written language can often be a bumpy
one because the way we talk tends to be a lot less formal than the way we
write. When we try to translate spoken ideas into writing, it is often hard to
remember correct grammar. Also, we hear incorrect grammar used so often that
correct grammar might sound odd or even wrong to us.
Homonyms can present an especially difficult problem because they
sound alike, but the different spellings mean different things. Changing one
letter in a word could alter the whole meaning of a sentence. Common phrases
are also likely to be written incorrectly because in speech words are often
shortened or slurred together so that not all of the letters are pronounced,
making it easy to inadvertently leave these letters out when writing.
Knowing which word to use or how to write a phrase correctly can
make a big difference in your writing. It is easier for readers to take a piece
of writing more seriously when the grammar is correct. This handout contains a
list of commonly confused homonyms and problem phrases, as well as a few hints
to help you remember the grammar rules.
Words that sound alike (homonyms):
We have selected the ones we see in the Writing Center most often.
For a complete list of homonyms you may click here.
Accept, Except:
Accept is a verb meaning to receive. Except is usually a
preposition meaning excluding. I will accept all the packages except that one.
Except is also a verb meaning to exclude. Please except that item from the
list.
Affect, Effect:
Affect is usually a verb meaning to influence. Effect is usually a noun meaning result. The
drug did not affect the disease, and it had several adverse side effects.
Effect can also be a verb meaning to bring about. Only the president can effect
such a dramatic change.
Allusion, Illusion:
An Allusion is an indirect reference. An illusion is a
misconception or false impression. Did you catch my allusion to Shakespeare?
Mirrors give the room an illusion of depth.
Capital, Capitol:
Capital refers to a city, capitol to a building where lawmakers
meet. Capital also refers to wealth or resources. The capitol has undergone
extensive renovations. The residents of the state capital protested the development
plans.
Climactic, Climatic:
Climactic is derived from climax, the point of greatest intensity
in a series or progression of events. Climatic is derived from climate; it
refers to meteorological conditions. The climactic period in the dinosaurs' reign
was reached just before severe climatic conditions brought on the ice age.
Elicit, Illicit:
Elicit is a verb meaning to bring out or to evoke. Illicit is an
adjective meaning unlawful. The reporter was unable to elicit information from
the police about illicit drug traffic.
Emigrate from, Immigrate to:
Emigrate means to leave one country or region to settle in another.
In 1900, my grandfather emigrated from Russia. Immigrate means to enter another
country and reside there. Many Mexicans immigrate to the U.S. to find work.
Hints:
Emigrate begins with the letter E, as does Exit. When you emigrate,
you exit a country.
Immigrate begins with the letter I, as does In. When you immigrate,
you go into a country
Principle, Principal:
Principal is a noun meaning the head of a school or an organization
or a sum of money. Principle is a noun meaning a basic truth or law. The
principal taught us many important life principles.
Hint:
To recognize the spelling of Principal first think of yourself as a
greedy opportunist. You definitely would want to be a pal of anyone who is in a
position of power or anything to do with money. This principal has pal in it.
Than, Then:
Than is a conjunction used in comparisons; then is an adverb
denoting time. That pizza is more than I can eat. Tom laughed, and then we
recognized him.
Hints:
Than is used to compare; both words have the letter a in them.
Then tells when; both are spelled the same, except for the first
letter.
There, Their, They're:
There is an adverb specifying place; it is also an expletive.
Adverb: Sylvia is lying there
unconscious. Expletive: There are two plums left. Their is a possessive
pronoun. They're is a contraction of they are. Fred and Jane finally washed
their car. They're later than usual today.
Hints:
If you are using there to tell the reader where, both words have
h-e-r-e. Here is also a place.
If you are using their as a possessive pronoun, you are telling the
reader what
"they own. Their has h-e-i-r, which also means heir, as in
someone who inherits something. Both words have to do with ownership.
They're is a contraction of they are. Sound out they are in the
sentence and see if it works. If it does not, it must be one of the previous
versions.
To, Too, Two:
To is a preposition; too is an adverb; two is a number. Too many of your shots slice to the left, but
the last two were right on the mark.
Hints:
If you are trying to spell out the number, it is always t-w-o. Two has a w which is the first letter in
word. The opposite of word is number.
Too is usually used as also
when adding or including some additional information. Whenever you want to
include something else, think of it as adding;
therefore you
also need to add an extra o.
Your, You're:
Your is a possessive pronoun; you're is a contraction of you are.
You're going to catch a cold if you don't wear your coat.
Hints:
Sound out you are in the sentence. If it works in the sentence it
can be written as
you're. If it sounds awkward, it is probably supposed to be Your.
EXAMPLE: You're shoes are muddy. "You are shoes are
muddy" does not work, so
it should be written as: Your shoes are muddy.
Words that don't sound alike but confuse us anyway:
Lie, Lay:
Lie is an intransitive verb meaning to recline or rest on a surface.
Its principal parts are lie, lay, lain. Lay is a transitive verb meaning to put
or place. Its principal parts are lay, laid.
Hint: Chickens lay eggs. I lie down when I am tired.
Set, Sit:
Set is a transitive verb meaning to put or to place. Its principal
parts are set, set, set. Sit is an intransitive verb meaning to be seated. Its
principal parts are sit, sat, sat. She set the dough in a warm corner of the
kitchen. The cat sat in the warmest part of the room.
Who, Which, That:
Do not use which to refer to persons. Use who instead. That, though
generally used to refer to things, may be used to refer to a group or class of
people. I just saw a boy who was wearing a yellow banana costume. I have to go
to math next, which is my hardest class. Where is the book that I was reading?
Problem phrases:
Supposed to: Do not omit the d. Suppose to is incorrect.
Used to: Same as above. Do not write use to.
Toward: There is no s at the end of the word.
Anyway: Also has no ending s. Anyways is nonstandard.
Couldn't care less: Be sure to make it negative. (Not I could care
less.)
All walks of life: Not woks of life. This phrase does not apply to
oriental cooking.
Chest of drawers: Not chester drawers.
For all intents and purposes: Not intensive purposes.
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